now that you know how to pronounce fedin's sounds, it's time you learn how words are formed.

by the way, on this page and all pages going forward you can mouse over any fedin word to see its meaning.

stems

it's imperative going forward that you know what a stem is.
a stem is the smallest unit of meaning in fedin.
in english, 'cat' might be considered a stem, because it's unable to be broken down into smaller parts.
in fedin, almost all words (including fedin's word for 'cat') are made up of smaller parts.

stems can be between 1 and 6 letters long, and they always have at least 1 consonant.

the structure of a potential stem can be written as (cc)c(vvv), where c represents a consonant, v represents a vowel, and brackets enclose optional sections.

an example stem is nea, which means 'sleep'.
another example stem is di, which means 'talk'.
we'll use these stems going forward to create various words.

words are, for the most part, created by affixing various sounds to the end of one or more stems.

nouns

the most basic nouns can be created by affixing n to one or more stems.
taking the stem nea, we can affix n to create the noun nean, which means 'sleep'.

some nouns are created by affixing letters other than n, but we'll go over this in a future lesson (see ???).

adjectives

adjectives can be created by affixing zh to one or more stems.
taking the stem nea, we can affix zh to create the adjective neazh, which means 'sleepy'.

verbs

there are three groups of verbs in fedin.

the first group of verbs are known as group 1 verbs.
these are verbs whose final stem's terminal vowel is anything other than i.
they can be created by affixing khü to one or more stems.
taking the stem nea, we can affix khü to create the verb neakhü, which means 'to sleep'.
i mentioned this in the previous lesson, but note that khü is usually pronounced as kh.

the second group of verbs are known as group 2 verbs.
these are verbs whose final stem's terminal vowel is i.
they can be created by affixing ü to one or more stems.
taking the stem di, we can affix ü to create the verb diü, which means 'to say'.

the third group of verbs are known as stem verbs, and we'll go over these in a future lesson (see ???).

adverbs

adverbs can be created by affixing shė to one or more stems.
taking the stem nea, we can affix shė to create the adverb neashė, which means 'sleepily'.